The design specifications are made to tie to the application. For a generator-only application (this includes wind generator, auxiliary power generator on aircraft, etc.), the motoring mode is not included from start, at the same time the DC output voltage power bus may be as follows:
• Independent, with passive &active loads
• With a battery back-up
The DC voltage level may be constant in case of stand-alone operation but it is variable when, say, joined to a grid via an additional PWM inverter interface. For wind generation, a +(-)30% variation of speed around base speed is adequate for most practical situations.
Besides, the backup battery load case, the voltage changes from minimum level to maximum level. The battery backup operation stabilizes the control requirements on the generator.
For automotive starter/generators, the 2 motoring and generating are compulsory. The constant power speed range for motoring is generally larger than 3–4 to 1, but for generating (at lower power), much bigger values are welcome, & a ten: one ratio is not unusual
The design DC voltage Vdc is of vital importance while calculating the number of turns per winding &, consequently, the peak current for peak torque. For boosting DC–DC converter could be added to raise the voltage to the battery maximum voltage level & to reduce the peak machine & PWM converter current.
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