Bus Topology

In bus topology multi point line configuration is used. One long cable acts as a backboneto link all the devices in the network.
Nodes are connected to the cable by drop lines and taps.
A drop line is a connection running between the device and main cable.
A tap is a connector that attached to the main cable to its mattalic core.
The limited number of taps can be used in bus topology because the signals become weak while treveling through wire and loose their energy in the form of heat.

Advantages:


1. Easy installation by laying the main cable along the effecient path.
2. Less cabling is required.
3. Drop line has to reach to nearest point on main cable.

Disadvantages:


1. Difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation.
2. Difficult to add more devices.
3. A fault or break in connection stops the entire transmission.

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Tree Topology

A tree topology is a variation of the star topolgy. As in star topology devices are linked to central hub that control the traffic. However in tree topology the secondry central hubs are again linked to a central hub. In tree topology this central hub is the active hub to control the secondry hubs and traffic.
An active hub contains a repeater (hardware device) that regenrates the bit patterns before sending. It strengthens the transmission and boosted signal travels long distance.
The secondry hubs can be active or passive. The passive hub only provide a simple connection to the central hub and attached devices.

Advantages:

1. This is less expensive.

2. One link and one input/output port  is required.

3. Easy installation and reconfiguration.

4. Less cabling is required.

5. If one link fails then other remain active to communicate.

6. Make fault identification and isolation easy.

7. More devices can be attached.

8. It allows the network to isolate and prior the specific computer of a secondary hub to another computer of another secondary hub.

Disadvantages:

1. The only major disadvantage is that if the central hub or controller fails then the entire network goes down.

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