Electric current and quantity of electricity

Every atom is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons bears positive electrical charge, there is no electrical charge on the neutrons. Both protons and neutrons are contained within the nucleus which is in the center of the item. Electrons are not found in the nucleus, which bears a minute negatively electrical charge.

 Atoms of different materials are different from wachother by having different numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons. An atom would be electrically balanced if it has an equal number of protons and electrons, as we know that the positive and negative charges cancel each other out. When there are more than 2 electrons in an atom the electrons are arranged into shells and these shells are at various distances from the nucleus.

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Alternating Current Application

Figure 16-1 shows the out put from an voltage generator, with the reversals between positive and negative polarities and the variations in amplitude. In Fig. 16-1a, the wave from shown simulates an ac voltage as it would appear on the screen of an oscilloscope, which is an important test instrument for ac voltages. The oscilloscope shows a picture of any as voltage connected to its input terminals, while indicting the amplitude. The details of how to use the oscilloscope for ac voltage measurements are explained in App. D. “Using the oscilloscope”.
In Fig.16-1b the Read More!